Biological Sciences

Courses for BIOS (BIOS)

AGRO 460/860
Soil Microbiology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 447/847, SOIL 460, NRES 460/860
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
One semester microbiology; one semester biochemistry or organic chemistry.
Soil from a microbe's perspective-growth, activity and survival strategies; principles governing methods to study microorganisms and biochemical processes in soil; mechanisms controlling organic matter cycling and stabilization with reference to C, N, S, and P; microbial interactions with plants and animals; and agronomic and environmental applications of soil microorganisms.
AGRO 807
Plant-Water Relations LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 817, NRES 807
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
AGRO 325 or equivalent; MATH 106 recommended
Quantitative study of water relations in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Basic physical processes, which describe the movement of water in the soil and the atmosphere, and the physiological processes, which describe water movement inside of the plant. Stomata physiology and the effects of internal water deficits on photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, cell division and cell enlargement. Results from integrative models used to study the relative importance of environmental versus physiological factors for several plant-environment systems.
AGRO 810
Plant Molecular Biology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 810, BIOC 810, HORT 810
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
AGRO 315 or BIOS 206; BIOC 831 or permission
Molecular genetic basis of biological function in higher plants. Genome organization, gene structure and function, regulation of gene expression, recombinant DNA, and genetic engineering principles. Material taken primarily from current literature.
AGRO 963
Genetics of Host-Parasite Interaction LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 963, HORT 963
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Recommended BIOS 312; BIOS *864A or *864B; and BIOC 837. Offered even-numbered calendar years.
ANTH 448/848
Human Growth and Development LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 448/848
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Groups: Biological Anthropology
Prereqs:
ANTH 242 and 242L, or BIOS 101 and 101L.
Biological diversity from an evolutionary perspective. The history of the study of human physical growth and biological principles of growth. Genetic, epigenetic and hormonal effects on human and other mammal growth patterns, and environmental factors that influence growth. Effects of nutrition, disease, socio-economic status, pollution, etc. Unique features of human growth in its various stages. How anthropologists interpret variation in growth patterns among human populations and the possible adaptive significance of this variation.
ASCI 442/842
Endocrinology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 442/842, VBMS 842
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
A course in vertebrate physiology and/or biochemistry.
Mammalian endocrine glands from the standpoint of their structure, their physiological function in relation to the organism, the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their secretory products, and the nature of anomalies manifested with their dysfunction.
ASCI 949
Biochemistry of Nutrition LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 949, BIOC 949, NUTR 949
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC 832 or *839, or permission
Offered odd-numbered calendar years. Interrelationships of nutrients, nutritional state and metabolic processes. Energy metabolism, integration of nutrition and metabolism and nutritional regulation of gene function.
BIOC 431/831
Biomolecules and Metabolism LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 431/831, CHEM 431/831
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
CHEM 252 or 262. LIFE 120 recommended.
First course of a two-semester, comprehensive biochemistry course sequence.
Structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids; nature of enzymes; major metabolic pathways; and biochemical energy production.
BIOC 432/832
Gene Expression and Replication LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 432, CHEM 432/832
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Continuation of BIOC 431/831. Structural and biochemical aspects of DNA replication and gene expression, and biotechnology.
BIOC 433/833
Biochemistry Laboratory LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 433/833, CHEM 433/833
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lab 4, Lecture 1
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC 431/831 or concurrent enrollment.
Introduction to techniques used in biochemical and biotechnology research, including measurement of pH, spectroscopy, analysis of enzymes, chromatography, fractionation of macromolecules, electrophoresis, and centrifugation.
BIOC 434/834
Plant Biochemistry LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 434/834, CHEM 434/834, AGRO 434/834
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC/BIOS/CHEM 431/831.
Offered every other year beginning spring 2007.
Biochemical metabolism unique to plants. Relationships of topics previously acquired in general biochemistry to biochemical processes unique to plants. Biochemical mechanisms behind physiological processes discussed in plant or crop physiology.
BIOC 437/837
Research Techniques in Biochemistry LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 437/837
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 3, Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC/BIOS/CHEM 433/833, or permission.
Methods approach to systems biology analysis. Molecular identification and quantification employing techniques such as mass spectrometry, chromatography, electrophoretic fractionation, transcriptomics, protemics and metabolomics. Data and pathway analysis with computational methods.
BIOC 486/886
Advanced Topics in Biophysical Chemistry LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 486/886, CHEM 486/886
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Applications of thermodynamics to biochemical phenomena, optical properties of proteins and polynucleotides, and kinetics of rapid reactions.
BIOC 839
Survey of Biochemistry LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 839, CHEM 839
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Comprehensive survey of biochemistry for incoming graduate students. Topics include those in BIOC 831 and 832, but not all topics discussed in lecture periods. Depth enhanced by assigned readings.
BIOC 869
Chemistry for Secondary School Classrooms LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 883, CHEM 869, TEAC 869
Credit Hours: 1
Max credits per degree: 12
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Credit in this course will not count towards a graduate degree in chemistry or biochemistry or biological sciences. Course taught via World Wide Web. Chemistry content for high school teachers organized according to the National Science Education Standards. Individual course coverage includes: content, integration with other sciences and mathematics, graphing calculators, probe-experiments, simulations, at-home experiments, teaching materials, and industrial applications related to the title description.
A. Structure and Properties of Matter: Water and Solutions (1 cr)
B. Structure and Properties of Matter: Periodicity (1 cr)
D. Structure and Properties of Matter: Bonding and Structure (1 cr)
E. Structure and Properties of Matter: Carbon Chemistry and Polymers (1 cr)
J. Structure and Properties of Matter: Gases and the Atmosphere (1 cr)
K. Chemistry of Life Processes: Biomolecules (1 cr)
L. Structure and Properties of Matter: Condensed States and Materials Science (1 cr)
M. Interactions of Matter and Energy (1 cr)
N. Chemistry of Life Processes: DNA (1 cr)
P. Chemistry of Life Processes: Energy and Metabolism (1 cr)
Q. Chemical Reactions: Equations and their Consequences (1 cr)
R. Chemical Reactions: Acids and Bases (1 cr)
T. Chemical Reactions: Kinetics (1 cr)
U. Chemical Reactions: Oxidation, Reduction and Electrochemistry (1 cr)
V. Equilibrium: Unifying Theme (1 cr)
W. Conservation of Energy and the Increase in Disorder: Thermodynamics (1 cr)
Y. Inquiry and the Nature of Science: Analysis and Instrumentation (1 cr)
Z. Structure of Atoms: Nuclear Chemistry (1 cr)
BIOS 402/802
Cancer Biology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
Principles of cancer genetics, cancer prevention, and new methods for diagnosis and therapy. Fundamentals of the cell and molecular events that lead to human cancer.
BIOS 407/807
Biology of Cells and Organelles LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Regulation and timing of macromolecular synthesis during the cell cycle; the genetic autonomy of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
BIOS 412/812
Human Genetics LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 2, Recitation 1
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
BIOS 206.
Genetic basis of human variation, with emphasis on methods of applying genetic principles to humankind. Genetic ratios in pooled data; population and quantitative genetics; consanguinity; polygenic inheritance; blood types; sex linkage; linkage and crossing over; sex determination; visible chromosome variation; mutation; heredity and environment; eugenics; anthropological genetics; molecular genetics and molecular basis of disease; human genome project.
BIOS 415/815
Developmental Biology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Survey of topics in developmental biology, both animal and plant development.
BIOS 418/818
Advanced Genetics LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
In-depth study of the principles and methodology of genetics, with emphasis on Drosophila: multiple alleles and complex loci, linkage and recombination, chromosome rearrangements, fine structure analysis, sex determination, recombinant DNA, and gene function in development.
BIOS 420/820
Molecular Genetics LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 820
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
Molecular basis of genetics. Gene structure and regulation, transposable elements, chromosome structure, DNA replication, and repair mechanisms and recombination.
BIOS 422/822
Comparative Physiology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
BIOS 423/823 recommended.
Comprehensive survey of comparative physiology with emphasis on the diversity of adaptations in basic physiological systems and the effects of environmental parameters upon such systems. Comparative physiology of osmoregulation, temperature regulation, metabolism, muscle, central nervous function, and sensory function.
BIOS 425/825
Plant Biotechnology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Introduction to the use of plants for basic and applied purposes by deliberate manipulation of their genomes; techniques in plant genetic engineering; manipulations of plant development and metabolism; engineering pest, disease, and stress resistance; plants as bioreactors; and environmental and social impacts of plant biotechnology.
BIOS 427/827
Practical Bioinformatics Laboratory LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 206 or equivalent.
No computer programming skill is required.
Basic knowledge and skills needed for general bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics analyses. Various computational analyses including database search, sequence alignment, phylogenetic reconstruction, gene prediction/mining, microarray data analyses and protein structure analyses.
BIOS 428/828
Perl Programming for Biological Applications LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Max credits per degree: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs BIOS.
Computer programming, using Perl, as applied to biological sciences, bioinformatics, computational biology, and genomics.
BIOS 429/829
Phylogenetic Biology LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Recitation 1
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
Principles of phylogenetic inference and emphasis on the application of phylogenetic hypotheses in biology and the biomedical sciences. How inferences derived from phylogenetic trees can be applied in different areas of biological investigation including systematics, biogeography, conservation biology, molecular evolution, genome structure, epidemiology, population biology, ecology, character evolution, behavior, and macroevolution.
BIOS 440/840
Microbial Physiology LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 840
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 312 and either 313 or 314, or permission.
Molecular approaches to the study of prokaryotic cell structure and physiology, including growth, cell division, metabolism, and alternative microbial life styles.
BIOS 443/843
Immunology LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 843
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 206 and one semester organic chemistry.
Fundamental consideration of cellular and humoral mechanisms of immunity, the structure and function of immunoglobulins, antigen-antibody interactions; hypersensitivity; transplantation and tumor immunity; immune and autoimmune disorders.
BIOS 444/844
Geomicrobiology LINKCrosslisted as GEOL 444/844
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
3 hours biological sciences and 3 hours chemistry.
Lectures and discussions of primary literature regarding microorganisms and their role transforming Earth through geologic time.
BIOS 452/852
Field Epidemiology LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 4, Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
12 hours biological sciences.
Principles of epidemiology and the role in modern medicine. Combination of  theory and practice with living populations.
BIOS 454/854
Ecological Interactions LINKCrosslisted as NRES 454/854
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
BIOS 102, 103, and either BIOS 207 or BIOS 220, or equivalent courses.
Nature and characteristics of populations and communities. Interactions within and between populations in community structure and dynamics. Direct and indirect interactions and ecological processes, competition, predation, parasitism, herbivory, and pollination. Structure, functioning and persistence of natural communities, foodweb dynamics, succession, and biodiversity.
BIOS 455/855
Great Plains Flora LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 9, Field 9
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences or permission.
May also be offered at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Plant identification. Field study of the flora in various habitats. Field trips include grassland and woodland vegetation of this region.
BIOS 456/856
Mathematical Models in Biology LINKCrosslisted as NRES 456/856
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Junior standing; major in the biological sciences; MATH 106 or 107.
Biological systems, from molecules to ecosystems, are analyzed using mathematical techniques. Strengths and weaknesses of mathematical approaches to biological questions. Brief review of college level math; introduction to modeling; oscillating systems in biology; randomness in biology; review of historically important and currently popular models in biology.
BIOS 457/857
Ecosystem Ecology LINKCrosslisted as GEOL 457/857
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Recitation 1
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
BIOS 207 and CHEM 110.
Processes controlling the cycling of energy and elements in ecosystems and how both plant and animal species influence them. Human-influenced global and local changes that alter these cycles and ecosystem functioning.
BIOS 462/862
Animal Behavior LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Introduction to animal behavior stressing the ethological approach. Anatomical and physiological bases of behavior, ontogenetic and phylogenetic observations, and the relations of animal behavior studies to genetics, ecology, taxonomy, and evolution. Assigned reading.
BIOS 468/868
Field Animal Behavior LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences or permission.
Offered in the summer at Cedar Point Biological Station. Requires extensive field work and independent research project.
Behavior of animals. Stresses methods for testing evolutionary hypotheses under field conditions with emphasis on foraging behavior, animal communication, and animal social systems.
BIOS 470/870
Prairie Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 207 or equivalent.
Extensive field work is required.
Structure, function, and distribution of communities. Interaction of different species with their biotic and abiotic environments.
BIOS 471/871
Plant Taxonomy LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences.
Principles of plant classification, with emphasis on taxonomic procedures, nomenclatural rules, and plant identification. Lab work on taxonomic analysis and plant identification.
BIOS 475/875
Ornithology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Optional lab (BIOS 475L/875L) by arrangement. May also be offered at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Review of avian biology. Functional morphology, evolutionary relationships and breeding biology.
BIOS 475L/875L
Ornithology Lab LINK
Credit Hours: 1
Course Format: Lab 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Parallel BIOS 475/875 and permission.
BIOS 477/877
Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 206 or parallel and CHEM 251 or equivalent.
Basic statistics recommended.
Pairwise and multiple alignments, sequence similarity and domain search, distance estimation, phylogenetic methods, gene mining, protein classification and structure. Algorithms used in bioinformatics as well as fundamental concepts of molecular evolution that underlie various bioinformatics methods.
BIOS 478/878
Plant Anatomy LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Lab 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
8 hrs biological sciences, BIOS 109 recommended.
Development, structure, and function of tissues and organs of the higher plants. Relationships of structure to physiology and ecology of plants.
BIOS 487/887
Field Parasitology LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
ACE Outcomes: 10
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences.
Offered summers only at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Animal host-parasite relationships, epizootiology, ecology, host distribution, classification, and life cycle stages of animal parasites.
BIOS 488/888
Natural History of the Invertebrates LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences.
Offered summers only at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Field course in invertebrate community relations stressing on-site observation of community components, natural history, and interactions.
BIOS 489/889
Ichthyology LINKCrosslisted as NRES 489/889
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Lab 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences.
May also be offered at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Fishes, their taxonomy, physiology, behavior, and ecology. Dynamics of fish stocks and factors regulating their production.
BIOS 497/897
Special Topics in Biological Sciences LINK
Credit Hours: 1-4
Max credits per degree: 24
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences and permission.
Topics vary by term.
BIOS 498/898
Independent Research in Biological Sciences LINK
Credit Hours: 1-8
Max credits per degree: 8
Course Format: Independent Study
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs BIOS and permission.
Four credit hours may be counted toward the undergraduate BIOS major. Before registering, arrangements must be made with a faculty member in BIOS to reach an agreement on the scope and to determine the amount of credit for the project.
Independent study and laboratory or field investigation of a specific problem.
BIOS 803
Principles of Evolution LINK
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Micro- and macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Population genetics, evolutionary ecology, speciation, phylogenetic systematics, and biogeographic patterns of extant and extinct taxa.
BIOS 804
Principles of Behavioral Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Introduction to the ecology and evolution of animal behavior.
BIOS 805
Principles of Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Ecological principles at the populations, community, and ecosystem levels. Population growth, meta-population dynamics, competitive and predatory interactions, temporal and spatial variation in community food webs, tropic cascades, patterns and mechanisms underlying species diversity, ecosystem processes, nutrient cycling, and global change.
BIOS 809
Professionalism LINK
Credit Hours: 1
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
P/N only. Discussion of skills needed to be a professional scientist including: writing, submitting, editing, and revision of journal articles and grant proposals; preparation or oral and poster presentations; and ethical issues in research and teaching.
BIOS 811
Plant Tissue Culture LINKCrosslisted as HORT 811, NRES 811
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 4, Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 109; AGRO 325 which includes CHEM 109, 110; or equivalent
Survey of techniques used in plant cell, tissue and organ culture, including current research. Laboratory emphasizes practical manipulation of plant cells, tissues, and organs, including examples from woody and herbaceous plant species.
BIOS 816
Computer-Aided Sequence Analysis Primer LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 818
Credit Hours: 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Introductory course in biological sequence display, analysis and manipulation with computers. Applied rather than theoretical aspects of different programs are emphasized providing skills to satisfy the analysis demands of molecular biology research. Students completing this course will be able to search, display and analyze the biological information content of macromolecules.
BIOS 823
Advanced Animal Physiology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 213 or equivalent and one semester organic chemistry
More detailed mechanisms operating in selected physiology systems of man and other animals. Neural, cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine systems. Additional areas examined if time permits.
BIOS 835
Animal Biochemistry LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 835
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC 831 or permission
Biochemistry of animal cells and tissues, with integration of major metabolic pathways and aspects of their control mechanism.
BIOS 849
Woody Plant Growth and Development LINKCrosslisted as HORT 849, NRES 849
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Offered fall semester of odd-numbered calendar years. Plant growth and development specifically of woody plants as viewed from an applied whole-plant physiological level. Plant growth regulators, structure and secondary growth characteristics of woody plants, juvenility, senescence, abscission and dormancy.
BIOS 860
Advanced Limnology LINKCrosslisted as NRES 866
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
NRES 859 or equivalent
In-depth consideration of selected areas of limnology including stream limnology, primary production, secondary production, nutrient cycling, and eutrophication.
BIOS 864A
Principles of Plant Pathology I LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
PLPT 369 or equivalent; an introduction to biochemistry course
Epidemiology and disease control through cultural, biological, chemical and host plant resistance strategies.
BIOS 864B
Principles of Plant Pathology II LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
PLPT 369 or equivalent; an introduction to biochemistry course
Molecular and cellular approach to the study of plant pathological principles.
BIOS 865
Insect Transmission of Plant Diseases LINKCrosslisted as ENTO 865
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
8 hrs biological sciences including BIOS 864 preceding or parallel and 6 hrs entomology or biological sciences (zoology)
ENTO *865 is offered even-numbered calendar years.
Relationships between plant diseases and their vectors with emphasis on virus diseases and transmission by aphids.
BIOS 866
Phytopathogenic Nemotodes LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lab 3, Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 864A or *864B, or permission
Offered odd-numbered calendar years. Lecture and laboratory course concerning principles of nematode-induced disease of plants.
BIOS 867
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria LINK
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 312, 864A or *864B, and CHEM 832 or 836 or permission
Offered even-numbered calendar years. Principles and methods of identification, chemistry and function of cell constituents, role and characterization of antibacterial agents, spread and survival mechanisms of pathogenicity, host-parasite relations and control measures.
BIOS 867L
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Lab LINK
Credit Hours: 1
Course Format: Lab 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Parallel registration in BIOS *867
BIOS 869
Phytopathogenic Fungi LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lab 2, Lecture 1
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 312, 805, 864A or *864B; or equivalent and permission
Offered even-numbered calendar years. Ecology and taxonomy of plant pathogenic and plant associated fungi with emphasis on environment influences and on microbial interactions leading to biological control.
BIOS 879
Plant Growth and Development LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Processes involved in plant growth and development, seed formation, dormancy, germination, differential growth, flowering, and senescence. The role of extrinsic factors (e.g. light, water, and gravity) and intrinsic factors (e.g. formones, pigments, and energy sources) on these processes.
BIOS 881
Helminthology LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 6, Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences including BIOS 385 and permission
Classification, morphology, biology of helminth parasites, chiefly of animals other than humans. Includes collection, preparation of specimens, and technique.
BIOS 899
Masters Thesis LINK
Credit Hours: 6-10
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Admission to masters degree program and permission of major adviser
BIOS 910
Developmental Genetics LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
General genetics or equivalent
Effects of various mutations on developing biological systems. Mechanisms by which the abnormal genome expresses its pheno-type. Special consideration to vertebrate organisms.
BIOS 915
Graduate Seminar LINK
Credit Hours: 1-3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Topics include the following:
A. Graduate Seminar
D. Botany
E. Ecology
G. Cell Biology and Genetics
M. Microbiology
P. Parasitology
W. Evolutionary Biology
Z. Other Topics
BIOS 916
Research Seminar LINK
Credit Hours: 1
Max credits per degree: 10
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Aimed at improving research design in evolutionary biology. Experience with presenting scientific ideas, as well as help with specific project.
BIOS 924
Molecular Phylogenetics LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 1, Lecture
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Theory and methodology of phylogenetic inference based on molecular characters (mainly DNA sequences). Population genetic principles and analysis of microsatellite loci. Emphasis on project design, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. Training on current computer programs for phylogenetic analysis acquired.
BIOS 940
Microbial Diversity LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
6 hrs microbiology and BIOC 831 or permission
Diversity of microbial structures, shape, movement, metabolism, symbioses, and adaptations to extreme environments using both bacterial and fungal examples. A physiological approach used throughout.
BIOS 941
Physiology of Anaerobic Microorganisms LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 312 and 831 or permission
BIOS 840 recommended. Methods of energy transduction, growth, and metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms from a variety of habitats. Microbes considered range from methane producers to photosynthetic bacteria. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses as well as interactions among microorganisms in anaerobic environments.
BIOS 942
Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics of Prokaryotes LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 942
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 241 and 312, or permission
Prokaryotic gene regulation, DNA exchange, DNA recombination and repair, comparative prokaryotic genomics and computer-based methods of analysis.
BIOS 945
RNA Biology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 820 or permission
Role of RNA in regulation of gene expression and in determining genome structure. Regulation of mRNA stability and function, RNA as regulatory molecules and enzymes, and computer-based methods of analysis.
BIOS 947
Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 312 or equivalent, BIOS 831 or 840 recommended, or permission
Biosynthetic activity of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, including genetically engineered organisms: antibiotic, amino acid, enzyme, and vitamin production; polysaccharides, steroid transformation, microbes as food sources, microbial insecticides, petroleum microbiology, fermentation engineering, and mass production of microbial cells.
BIOS 950
Medical Molecular Virology LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 950
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS/CHEM/BIOC 431/831 and 432/832; VBMS *852
Offered odd-numbered calendar years. Current topics in molecular virology relevant to the natural history and pathogenesis of viral diseases of humans and animals.
BIOS 951
Quantitative Analysis in Biology LINK
Credit Hours: 4
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Surveys the kinds of quantitative problems that arise in biological research, particularly in field-oriented disciplines such as ecology, evolution and behavior, and the quantitative methods used to solve them. Practical learning of the strengths and weaknesses of different methods through the analysis of biological data on microcomputers.
BIOS 953
Advanced Population Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Ecological phenomena in populations. Quantitative description of population processes, life history strategies, foraging theory, resource interactions, population dynamics of competition and predation, and selected current topics in population ecology. Research methodology and historical development of the field as well as analysis, criticism, and synthesis of current research in the area.
BIOS 955
Advanced Behavioral Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Previous course work in ecology or behavioral comparative psychology
Evolution of behavioral attributes of animals with respect to ecological conditions. Overview of the field and area of active research.
BIOS 956
Biochemical Adaptation LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission; a course in biochemistry is strongly recommended
Major aspects of molecular/physiological adaptation in plants and animals including the evolution of metabolic pathways, enzyme function, and gene regulation.
BIOS 958
Genetic Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Background in genetics and ecology
Interplay of genetics and ecology. Genetic basis of adaptation to environmental conditions and particularly the variety of ways in which this may occur.
BIOS 959
Advanced Community Ecology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Ecological and evolutionary forces responsible for patterns of numbers and types of species which coexist and form ecological communities. Mathematical models, coevolution, random processes, historical background, and examination of biotic interactions responsible for the observed patterns. Emphasis on critique and synthesis of current theory in light of empirical evidence.
BIOS 960
Biosystematics and Nomenclature LINKCrosslisted as ENTO 960
Credit Hours: 2-3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Methods and principles of systematics and nomenclature.
BIOS 962
Animal Communication LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Course work in ecology and/or evolution and/or animal behavior, or permission
Course work in physics recommended. Advanced introduction to the evolution of animal communication. Addresses evolution of signal structure (including acoustic, visual, electrical, and chemical signals), environmental effects on signal transmission, and the evolution of receiver responses to signals.
BIOS 964
Signal Transduction LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 964
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 832, BIOS 820 or equivalent, or permission
Molecular basis of genetics in eukaryotes. Gene structure and regulation, transposable elements, chromosome structure, DNA replication and repair mechanisms and recombination.
BIOS 965
Plant Pathology-Plant Virology LINK
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 864A or *864B or permission
Offered odd-numbered calendar years.
BIOS 966
Advanced Viral Pathogenesis LINKCrosslisted as VBMS 966
Credit Hours: 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 843; VBMS 852 or equivalent introductory course in virology or experience
Advanced analysis on the mechanisms of cell and tissue damage by viruses, the spread of viruses through the body, and the host response.
BIOS 968
Seminar in Plant Pathology LINK
Credit Hours: 1
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
BIOS 99
Assessment of the Major LINK
Credit Hours: 0
Course Format: Lecture, Personalized System of Instruction
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Senior standing.
Required for graduation. Pass/No Pass only.
Completion of a standardized cumulative examination, an exit interview and other assessment activities.
BIOS 996
Research LINK
Credit Hours: 3-10
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission of instructor and departmental Graduate Committee
other than thesis.
BIOS 998
Special Topics in the Life Sciences LINK
Credit Hours: 1-24
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Permission
Reviews of specialized subject areas. Subject dependent on student demand and availability of staff.
BIOS 999
Doctoral Dissertation LINK
Credit Hours: 1-24
Max credits per degree: 55
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Admission to doctoral degree program and permission of supervisory committee chair
CHEM 932
Proteins LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 932, BIOC 932
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC/BIOS/CHEM 832 or BIOC/BIOS/CHEM *839
Protein structure and function.
CHEM 933
Enzymes LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 933, BIOC 933
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC/BIOS/CHEM 432/832, or BIOC/BIOS/CHEM *839
Kinetics regulation and reaction mechanisms of enzymes.
CHEM 934
Genome Dynamics and Gene Expression LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 934, BIOC 934
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC/BIOS/CHEM 832 or permission
Detailed examination of dynamic control mechanisms of genome maintenance and gene regulation. Mechanisms of transcription, translation, and replication based on analysis of current and seminal literature.
CHEM 935
Metabolic Function and Dysfunction LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 935, BIOC 935
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOC/CHEM/BIOS 432/832 and permission
BIOC/CHEM/BIOS 935 is offered even-numbered calendar years.
Current metabolic research at the bioenergetic, metabolomic, and molecular level. The normal metabolic processes that go awry in cancer, obesity, and oxidative stress.
ENTO 402/802
Aquatic Insects LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 485/885, NRES 402/802
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Course Delivery: Classroom, Web
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences.
Offered fall semester of odd-numbered calendar years. Offered summer semester of even-numbered calendar years on the Internet via the World Wide Web (WWW).
Biology and ecology of aquatic insects.
ENTO 402L/802L
Identification of Aquatic Insects LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 485L/885L, NRES 402L/802L
Credit Hours: 1
Course Format: Lab
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
ENTO 402L/802L is offered fall semester of odd-numbered calender years. BIOS 485L/885L and NRES 402L/802L may be offered in the spring semester.
Identification of aquatic insects to the family level.
ENTO 406/806
Insect Ecology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 406/806
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom, Web
Prereqs:
BIOS/NRES 220 and 222.
ENTO 406/806 is offered spring semester of odd numbered calendar years. ENTO 406/806 is also offered on the internet via the World Wide Web (WWW) in the spring semester of odd-numbered calendar years.
Biotic and abiotic factors as they influence insect development, behavior, distribution, and abundance.
ENTO 411/811
Field Entomology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 482/882
Credit Hours: 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences.
Offered only at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Field course in insect taxonomy and biology emphasizing field collection, specimen preparation, classification, and insect natural history.
FDST 405/805
Food Microbiology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 445/845
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom, Web
Nature, physiology, and interactions of microorganisms in foods. Introduction to food-borne diseases, the effect of food processing systems on the microflora of foods, principles of food preservation, food spoilage, and foods produced by microorganisms. Food plant sanitation and criteria for establishing microbial standards for food products.
FDST 406/806
Food Microbiology Laboratory LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 446/846
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lab 6
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Parallel in FDST 405/805/BIOS 446/846.
The microorganisms in foods and the methods used to study them as discussed in FDST 405/805.
GEOL 423/823
Quaternary Paleoclimatology and Paleoecology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 436/836
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs GEOL or BIOS.
Analysis and interpretation of the Quaternary period's paleoecological data. Patterns of long-term climate variation. Distribution patterns and responses of organisms and ecosystems to Quaternary environmental change.
GEOL 424/824
Biogeochemical Cycles LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 438/838
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
CHEM 109 or 113; 12 hrs geology or biological sciences.
Chemical cycling at or near the earth's surface, emphasizing interactions among the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere and hydrosphere. Modern processes, the geological record, and human impacts on elemental cycles.
GEOL 439/839
Marine Ecology and Paleoecology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 461/861
Credit Hours: 2
Course Format: Lecture 2
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS/NRES 220.
Geology majors should register for GEOL 439L/BIOS 461L.
Introduction to the fundamentals of marine ecology and their application to paleoecology.
GEOL 439L/839L
Marine Ecology and Paleoecology Lab LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 461L/861L
Credit Hours: 1
Max credits per degree: 1
Course Format: Lab 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Parallel GEOL 439/839.
Lab includes several field trips.
NRES 450/850
Biology of Wildlife Populations LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 450/850
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Lab 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
Principles of population dynamics. Management strategies (for consumptive and nonconsumptive fish and wildlife species) presented utilizing principles developed.
NRES 459/859
Limnology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 459/859, WATS 459
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Lab 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs BIOS, including BIOS/NRES 220/BIOS220x; two semesters CHEM.
May also be offered at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in fresh water. Organisms occurring in fresh water and their ecology; biological productivity of water and its causative factors; eutroplication and its effects.
NRES 464/864
Fisheries Biology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 464/864
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS/NRES 489/889 or equivalent.
Biology of fishes. Factors that affect fishes in the natural environment. Techniques used in the analysis and management of fish populations.
NRES 468/868
Wetlands LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 458, WATS 468
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences; BIOS 220; CHEM 109 and 110.
Offered even-numbered calendar years.
Physical, chemical and biological processes that occur in wetlands; the hydrology and soils of wetland systems; organisms occurring in wetlands and their ecology wetland creation, delineation, management and ecotoxicology.
NRES 474/874
Herpetology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 474/874
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 4
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS/NRES 386 and permission. BIOS 388 recommended.
May also be offered at Cedar Point Biological Station.
Fossil and living amphibians and reptiles. Anatomy, classification, ecology and evolution.
NRES 476/876
Mammalogy LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 476/876
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
8 hrs BIOS; BIOS/NRES 386 or NRES 311.
May also be offered at Cedar Point Biological Station. Field trips are required and may occur outside of scheduled class time. Lab and field time emphasize diversity of mammalian families and species identification of Nebraska mammals.
Evolution, natural history, ecology, and functional morphology of planetary mammals and mammals of the Northern Great Plains.
NUTR 484/884
Physiology of Exercise LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 484/884
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lab 1, Lecture 2
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs biological sciences, including BIOS 213 or equivalent; BIOS 214 or equivalent.
Effects of physical activity on the circulatory, respiratory, and other physiological processes.
PSYC 465/865
Behavioral Neuroscience LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 419/819
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
12 hrs psychology or 12 hrs biological sciences, including PSYC 373 or BIOS 373.
Relationship of physiological variables to behavior, an introduction to laboratory techniques in neuropsychology.
VBMS 408/808
Functional Histology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 408/808
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lecture 3, Lab 2
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 101 and 101L, or 102 or 112; BIOS 213 or ASCI 240. BIOS 315 recommended.
Microscopic anatomy of the tissues and organs of major vertebrate species, including humans. Normal cellular arrangements of tissues and organs as related to their macroscopic anatomy and function, with reference to sub-cellular characteristics and biochemical processes. Functional relationships among cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, contributory to organismal well being. General introduction to pathological processes and principles underlying some diseases.
VBMS 441/841
Pathogenic Microbiology LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 441/841
Credit Hours: 3
Course Format: Lecture 3
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
BIOS 312 and either 313 or 314, or permission.
Fundamental principles involved in host-microorganism interrelationships. Identification of pathogens, isolation, propagation, mode of transmission, pathogenicity, symptoms, treatment, prevention of disease, epidemiology, and methods of control.
VMED 645
Animal Physiology I LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 813, ASCI 845, VBMS 845
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 3, Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
For ASCI/VBMS *845/BIOS *813: An undergraduate course in biochemistry or biology or physiology. For VMED 645: First year standing in and admission to VMED.
Primarily for students in animal or biological sciences or veterinary medicine.
Mammalian physiology and cellular mechanisms. Physiology of the cell, embryology, and neuro-sensory, neuromuscular, endocrine, and reproductive systems.
VMED 646
Animal Physiology II LINKCrosslisted as BIOS 814, ASCI 846, VBMS 846
Credit Hours: 4
Course Format: Lab 3, Lecture 3
Campus:
Course Delivery: Classroom
Prereqs:
For ASCI/VBMS *846/BIOS *814: An undergraduate course in biochemistry or biology or physiology. For VMED 646: First year standing in and admission to VMED.
ASCI/VBMS *846/BIOS *814/VMED 646 is designed for students in animal or biological sciences or veterinary medicine.
Mammalian physiology and cellular mechanisms. Physiology of the digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems.

Description

For a brief description of the program, application requirements and contact information, view the graduate program summary.

Director of School of Biological Sciences: Valery Forbes, Ph.D.

Graduate Committee: Associate Professor Pilson (Chair); Professors Gardner, Wagner; Associate Professors Mitra, Chia, E. Moriyama, Harris

The major goal of the School of Biological Studies (SBS) is to develop an integrated perspective of biological sciences and to provide a well-rounded education based on a functional understanding that extends from fundamental cell and molecular biology to global ecology. The SBS graduate program is important to UNL and the state in that we are the only major biology department that awards the PhD in Nebraska. The breadth and diversity of the graduate program extends through several specific research interest clusters termed Graduate Research Emphasis Groups (GREGs). The GREGs represent formally approved groups of SBS faculty, adjunct faculty, and graduate students who share common research interests. The GREGs set forth requirements for graduate studies and also are intended to provide an interactive forum for more focused research interests that reflect SBS and interdepartmental strengths of the faculty. GREG research areas constitute specializations for degrees offered by the School of Biological Sciences. Our dedication to excellence in research, teaching, and training is evidenced by our funding support and our ability to attract outstanding postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. We train approximately 25 postdoctoral and 80 graduate students at any given time and take pride in launching our trainees into successful and productive careers ranging from biomedical researchers in industry, to postdoctoral faculty members at other institutions. For current GREG information, visit www.biosci.unl.edu.

Each application must be accompanied by scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE). A statement (no more than 300 words) stating long-range goals and specific research interests and experiences, and a curriculum vita or resume is required. Applicants should indicate the kind of graduate work planned and identify the appropriate research area of interest. Applicants should have a minimum cumulative grade point average equivalent to 3.0 (B) and score in at least the 50th percentile in each portion of the GRE taken. Admission also depends on the nature of the applicant’s interest and whether appropriate faculty, space, and facilities are available for the type of graduate training proposed. Entering graduate students are normally expected to have taken a year of physics, one semester of calculus, and chemistry through organic chemistry, or one semester each of organic chemistry and biochemistry.

Master of Science Degree.

Students admitted to the School of Biological Sciences choose a GREG (specialization) in which to pursue a degree. During the first semester after admission, it is the responsibility of each student, with the help of a faculty adviser, to seek a guidance interview to assess strengths and weaknesses in background and potential to complete the degree program. Degree requirements are those of the Graduate College and additional stipulations of the student’s Graduate Research Emphasis Group (GREG). Option II is available to students in biological sciences only by special permission of the Graduate Committee obtained at the time of entry in the program. Option III is not open for masters degree programs in biological sciences.

Minor in Biology:

Masters students in other departments may seek a minor in biological sciences by fulfilling the appropriate course work. The student is required to make arrangements with the Graduate Committee in Biological Sciences before the program of studies is approved.

Specializations Available at the Masters Level:

Bioinformatics; Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics; Microbiology and Molecular Biology; Parasitology; Plant Pathology

Doctor of Philosophy Degree.

Entering doctoral students must affiliate with one of the GREGs of the School of Biological Sciences. During the first semester, each student will have a guidance interview as described in the masters program. A qualifying examination administered by the GREGis taken before the end of the second semester. A supervisory committee of at least five members representing at least two GREGs satisfies the graduate college requirement of an external member. The supervisory committee will guide the student’s program of course work and determine need for additional training in supporting or deficient areas, and will determine, on an individual basis, training in one or both of the following areas: foreign language or special research techniques. Requirements for the degree differ from the general requirements of the Graduate College in that the oral comprehensive examination is the only examination that may be waived by special permission of the Graduate Committee. GREGs may stipulate additional requirements.

Specializations Available at the Doctoral Level:

Bioinformatics; Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics; Microbiology and Molecular Biology; Parasitology; Plant Pathology; Plant Systems Biology

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